{"id":3217,"date":"2019-12-23T12:52:38","date_gmt":"2019-12-23T12:52:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ipi.si\/?p=3217"},"modified":"2019-12-23T12:57:25","modified_gmt":"2019-12-23T12:57:25","slug":"two-seconds-the-difference-between-violation-of-phonogram-producers-rights-and-freedom-of-expression","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ipi.si\/en\/two-seconds-the-difference-between-violation-of-phonogram-producers-rights-and-freedom-of-expression\/","title":{"rendered":"Two seconds – the difference between violation of phonogram producers\u2019 rights and freedom of expression ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

The dispute at hand took place in Germany, where H\u00fctter\u2019s music band Kraftwerk sued Pelham for using a two-second sample of the song on the phonogram in electronic form, published by the Kraftwerk Group. In doing so, Pelham supposedly infringed a copyright-related right to reproduce and distribute phonograms, conferred to Kraftwerk as a phonogram producer in accordance with the so-called InfoSoc Directive (Directive 2001\/29\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The German Federal Court addressed six questions to the CJEU. The first and the sixth question were dealt with together and the German Federal Court was essentially asking whether Article 2(c) of InfoSoc Directive should be interpreted in such a way that the phonogram producer may prevent another person from taking a sound sample, albeit a very short one, of his or her phonogram for the purposes of including that sample in another phonogram.<\/p>\n

CJEU, unlike the AG Szpunar (see his opinion<\/a>), tackled matters through the prism of the impact of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union<\/a>\u00a0on copyright. In doing so, the CJEU weighed between the right to protect intellectual property of phonogram producers (Article 17 of the Charter) and freedom of the arts and freedom of expression (Article 13 and Article 11 of the Charter).<\/p>\n

The CJEU decided that Article 2(c) of the Infosoc Directive should be interpreted as meaning that phonogram producers may prevent third parties from using a sound sample, even if a very short one, of their phonogram in order to include that sample in another phonogram, unless the sample is included in a modified form, unrecognisable to the ear. The difference between the inclusion of a music sample in a phonogram being considered a violation of the phonogram producer\u2019s rights or being considered an exercise of freedom of expression is therefore not two seconds (the duration of the music sample) but the modification and unrecognizability of the music sample used.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The dispute at hand took place in Germany, where H\u00fctter\u2019s music band Kraftwerk sued Pelham for using a two-second sample of the song on the phonogram in electronic form, published by the Kraftwerk Group. In doing so, Pelham supposedly infringed a copyright-related right to reproduce and distribute phonograms, conferred to Kraftwerk as a phonogram producer […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3219,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3217","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ipi.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3217","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ipi.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ipi.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipi.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipi.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3217"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipi.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3217\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3218,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipi.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3217\/revisions\/3218"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipi.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3219"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ipi.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3217"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipi.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3217"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipi.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3217"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}