{"id":3599,"date":"2020-08-19T11:17:10","date_gmt":"2020-08-19T11:17:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ipi.si\/?p=3599"},"modified":"2020-08-19T11:17:10","modified_gmt":"2020-08-19T11:17:10","slug":"phonogram-producers-can-prevent-sampling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ipi.si\/en\/phonogram-producers-can-prevent-sampling\/","title":{"rendered":"Phonogram producers can prevent sampling"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The dispute began in 1997 when the company Pelham used two-second sound samples from Kraftwerk&#8217;s \u201cMetall auf Metall\u201d soundtrack to produce the \u201cNur mir\u201d song. Kraftwerk, as the producer of the phonogram, on which \u201cMetall auf Metall\u201d was originally recorded, filed suit, claiming that Pelham infringed its related right to reproduction. The case made its way all up to the BGH, which sought clarification from the CJEU in regards to the interpretation of the so-called <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/HTML\/?uri=CELEX:32001L0029&amp;from=SL\">InfoSoc Directive<\/a>, particularly its Article 2(c) which addresses the phonogram producers\u2019 reproduction right. In its <a href=\"http:\/\/curia.europa.eu\/juris\/document\/document.jsf;jsessionid=CA5BA4B767D60FEF7497C5ABB9DD3964?text=&amp;docid=216552&amp;pageIndex=0&amp;doclang=SL&amp;mode=lst&amp;dir=&amp;occ=first&amp;part=1&amp;cid=2522037\">\u201cPelham\u201d decision<\/a>, which has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipi.si\/en\/two-seconds-the-difference-between-violation-of-phonogram-producers-rights-and-freedom-of-expression\/\">already been reported at IPI<\/a>, the CJEU clarified that the use of sound samples, albeit very short ones, infringes the phonogram producers\u2019 right of reproduction, except when the samples are used in a modified form and are unrecognisable to the ear.<\/p>\n<p>In light of the \u201cPelham\u201d decision, the BGH weighed whether the \u201cMetall auf Metall\u201d samples are recognisable to the ear of an average music listener, and whether their use could be allowed under exceptions contained in the German Copyright Act <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/englisch_urhg\/englisch_urhg.html\">Urheberrechtsgesetz (UrhG)<\/a>\u00a0that implement Article 5 of the InfoSoc Directive, particularly the quotation exception (Section 51 UrhG), incidental inclusion (Section 57 UrhG), or parody and pastiche. The BGH ultimately decided that the samples used were recognisable to the average music listener\u2019s ear and that no exceptions were applicable, and therefore Pelham infringed Kraftwerk\u2019s related right of phonogram producers.<\/p>\n<p>The BGH\u2019s decision is hardly unexpected (all the more so considering the CJEU\u2019s last year \u201cPelham\u201d judgement) and it opens the door for an expansive interpretation of related rights and therefore their protection. In doing so, it warns future music creators that, before resorting to samples, they should be wary not only of others\u2019 copyright but of phonogram producers\u2019 related rights as well.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The dispute began in 1997 when the company Pelham used two-second sound samples from Kraftwerk&#8217;s \u201cMetall auf Metall\u201d soundtrack to produce the \u201cNur mir\u201d song. Kraftwerk, as the producer of the phonogram, on which \u201cMetall auf Metall\u201d was originally recorded, filed suit, claiming that Pelham infringed its related right to reproduction. The case made its [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3597,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3599","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ipi.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3599","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ipi.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ipi.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipi.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipi.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3599"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipi.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3599\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3600,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipi.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3599\/revisions\/3600"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipi.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3597"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ipi.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3599"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipi.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3599"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipi.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3599"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}